See ner in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*neros",
"4": "",
"5": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ner",
"t": "chief, hero"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂nḗr",
"4": "",
"5": "man, male"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eɸros",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁epros",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "eofor"
},
"expansion": "Old English eofor",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aper"
},
"expansion": "Latin aper",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вепрь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "",
"3": "**(n)ebar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish **(n)ebar",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”) (compare Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”).\nWitczak rejects this explanation, deriving the word instead from a Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”) (Old English eofor, Latin aper, Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)), with the n- arising from rebracketing of the demonstrative-final n in accusative *ton eɸron, i.e. overgeneralisation of the nasal mutation. However, Witczak’s explanation ignores the fact that the cluster *‑ɸr- became *‑br- in Proto-Celtic, meaning that a **(n)eɸros should become **(n)ebros and Old Irish **(n)ebar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neir",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "neuru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "neuru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "neraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "neraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also nner in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also nner",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "neir",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "neir",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "neir",
"3": "neir"
},
"expansion": "ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "neir",
"acc_pl": "neuru",
"dat_sg": "neur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ner+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "neuru+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ner+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "neraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "neraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "neur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ner",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ner+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "neir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ner+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "neir+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ner",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ner+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "neuru+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "neir",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "sga:Male animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Pigs",
"orig": "sga:Pigs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boar"
],
"id": "en-ner-sga-noun-XXkHlTML",
"links": [
[
"boar",
"boar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) boar"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cullach"
},
{
"word": "fithend"
},
{
"word": "torc"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
],
"wikipedia": [
"rebracketing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈn̠ʲeɾ/"
}
],
"word": "ner"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"tk:Camelids"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*neros",
"4": "",
"5": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ner",
"t": "chief, hero"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂nḗr",
"4": "",
"5": "man, male"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*eɸros",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁epros",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "eofor"
},
"expansion": "Old English eofor",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aper"
},
"expansion": "Latin aper",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "вепрь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "",
"3": "**(n)ebar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish **(n)ebar",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *neros (“hero”) (compare Middle Welsh ner (“chief, hero”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man, male”).\nWitczak rejects this explanation, deriving the word instead from a Proto-Celtic *eɸros (“boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epros (“boar”) (Old English eofor, Latin aper, Old Church Slavonic вепрь (veprĭ)), with the n- arising from rebracketing of the demonstrative-final n in accusative *ton eɸron, i.e. overgeneralisation of the nasal mutation. However, Witczak’s explanation ignores the fact that the cluster *‑ɸr- became *‑br- in Proto-Celtic, meaning that a **(n)eɸros should become **(n)ebros and Old Irish **(n)ebar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neir",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "neuru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "neuru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "neur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "neraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "neraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also nner in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also nner",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "neir",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "neir",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "neir",
"3": "neir"
},
"expansion": "ner m (genitive neir, nominative plural neir)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "neir",
"acc_pl": "neuru",
"dat_sg": "neur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ner+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "neuru+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ner+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "neraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "neraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "neur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ner",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ner+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "neir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ner+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "neir+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ner",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ner+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "neuru+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "neir",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish poetic terms",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Male animals",
"sga:Pigs"
],
"glosses": [
"boar"
],
"links": [
[
"boar",
"boar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) boar"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
],
"wikipedia": [
"rebracketing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈn̠ʲeɾ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cullach"
},
{
"word": "fithend"
},
{
"word": "torc"
}
],
"word": "ner"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ner meaning in Old Irish (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ner/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ner"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ner",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ner"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ner",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ner"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ner",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.